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Law 3

Law 3 — The Players

A match is played by two teams of no more than eleven players, one of whom is the goalkeeper. Law 3 governs substitutions and one of the most repeated exam questions: when a match is abandoned for lack of players.

Minimum number of players

A match may not start or continue if a team has fewer than seven players. Seven is the key figure. If a team drops to six, the match is abandoned.

Substitutions

In official competitions, up to five substitutions (with a maximum of three substitution windows). The substitute only enters once the player being replaced has left and with the referee's permission.

Changing the goalkeeper

Any player may change places with the goalkeeper, provided the referee is informed beforehand and the change is made during a stoppage.

Sent-off player

A player sent off before kick-off may be replaced by a named substitute. A player sent off after kick-off may not be replaced.

Outside interference

If an outside agent (spectator, object, animal) interferes and the ball enters the goal, the goal is disallowed, unless the ball had already entered and the interference did not affect a defender.

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